Diagnosing oral and throat cancers early is difficult because lesions need to be large enough for doctors to see. Now a new at-home saliva test could identify these cancers before they are visible
in the US alone this year. The respective five-year survival rates for these cancers are 68 and 20.6 per cent, but when detected early, those numbers jump to more than 86 and 47 per cent.
To do this, they collected saliva samples from 1175 people who were 50 years and older or had a history of tobacco use – both risk factors for oral and throat cancers. From each sample, they extracted genetic material from bacteria, fungi and skin cells. The researchers then tested their model with the remaining 230 samples, 82 of which came from people with cancer. It accurately identified 90 per cent of samples from people with cancer and 95 per cent of samples from people without, meaning there were very low rates of false negatives or false positives.
at Northwell Health Cancer Institute in New York says he welcomes the idea in principle. “That you are going to visually inspect somebody and wait until [a lesion] is large enough to look suspicious is really archaic when we have all these technologies,” says Miles.But he points out that the diagnostic tool was tested in quite a small number of people and that it doesn’t actually find cancer, only changes associated with cancer. “There is kind of a cause-and-effect question,” says Miles.
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