Study reveals shifting climatetrends in the Western US dating back 11,000 years
) . In the Klamath Mountains, pine and oak dominated the pollen record during the warm dry Early Holocene; similarly, pine, oak, and juniper dominated the record in the Siskiyou Mountains . In Northern California, pollen assemblages indicate warm winters, including an expansion of coastal redwoods and declining alder forests . The increasing upwelling during the Holocene led to enhanced coastal fog and, as a result, increasing dominance of coastal redwood .
Fire records from the PNW indicate a transition in hydroclimate and vegetation . Fire activity increased on Vancouver Island, in the Oregon Coast Range, and in the Klamath and Siskiyou mountains through this interval . In Oregon and the Northern Rocky Mountains, the combination of cooler, wetter conditions increased fuels and hot, dry summers led to more severe and larger fires relative to the Early Holocene .
In marine systems offshore Northern California, the increase in upwelling through the Middle Holocene impacted both planktic and benthic ecosystems. For example,dominate the diatom/silicoflagellate assemblage, which indicates a shallow thermocline, high productivity within the California Current, and increased upwelling . In Santa Barbara Basin, an increase in warm water planktic foraminifera and a-dominated assemblage indicates a stable, warm, and stratified water column .
In Central and Southern California, multiple wet and dry phases occurred through the Late Holocene . In coastal Central California, marine records show that winter precipitation increased in the Late Holocene . Several lake records from Southern California all indicate a return to wetter conditions beginning between 4.0–3.35 ka . Records from coastal lagoons on Santa Rosa Island and in Southern California show multi-centennial fluctuations between wet and dry conditions .
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