A beginner's guide to the histogram in photography.
If you didn’t believe your grade school math teachers when they said you’d use graphs in the real world, you’re about to. In photography, histograms can seem intimidating, but they are incredibly useful tools that are much easier to understand than they appear. Learning about histograms will help you understand exposure, post-processing, and the overall structure of a photograph.
In very simple terms, a histogram is a graph showing how many pixels of each brightness value is found in a photo. If the histogram displays values running off of the right side this means that the image is overexposed. In this case, the highlights are “washed out,” meaning that no detail is captured in the brightest parts of the image. Another word for this phenomenon is “clipping.”To fix this, unless it’s your artistic decision, simply darken your exposure by changing shutter speed, aperture, or ISO until the highlights do not run off the right side of the histogram any longer.
In the example image above, the underexposed example has a clear run-off on the left side of the histogram. In fact, there are no values to the right of the shadows. The more standard example looks much better, with detail in the midtones and highlights as well.The histogram of the more balanced exposure showing a more even distribution of pixels across the tonal range.
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