Scientists in Japan have found a type of bacteria in a cave that exhibits multicellular behavior and a unique, two-phase life cycle. The bacterium, HS-3, was isolated from a limestone cave wall that is periodically submerged by an underground river. HS-3 has two different life phases; on a solid su
An image of a plated colony of HS-3, showing the characteristic transparent, iridescent appearance. Credit: Kouhei Mizuno
“The emergence of multicellularity is one of the greatest mysteries of life on Earth,” states corresponding author Kouhei Mizuno, a professor at the National Institute of Technology , Tokyo, Japan. “The point is that we already know the superior function and adaptability of multicellularity, but we know almost nothing about its origins. Established function and adaptability are not necessarily their own formative driving force.
Then, the colony then expanded to form additional layers. The internal filamentous cells buckled, generating vortex-structured domains. These domains and the liquid crystal-like arrangement explain the transparency observed in HS-3 colonies on agar. After two days, rapid cell reproduction occurred internally and the colony began to swell three-dimensionally, forming a semi-closed sphere housing the coccobacillus cells.
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