Study reveals that the genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, APOE ε4, does not increase PTSD risk among combat veterans, challenging the previously suggested link between PTSD and future dementia.
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDApr 7 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Previous studies have suggested that combat veterans who develop post-traumatic stress disorder are at three to four times the risk for future dementia, which may be attributed to genetic risk factors. In a recent study published in Nature Mental Health , researchers identify shared genetic loci among military veterans with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias .
The APOE4 ε4 variant adversely affects the clearance of abnormal amyloid beta in the brain, which is the pathognomonic feature of AD. Other pathways affected by this gene include neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and glucose metabolism. The APOE4 variant also increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Study participants were part of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs’ Million Veteran Program . All study participants were combat-deployed and represented individuals of both European and African ancestries . The AD PRS did not significantly affect PTSD severity nor interact with a head injury to affect PTSD severity risk. None of these factors could predict current PTSD risk.
The lack of an interaction between the APOE ε4 variant and PTSD reflects the findings from previous large-scale genome-wide association studies of PTSD. This dismisses earlier theories that the APOE ε4 variant increases the risk for PTSD and, in later life, dementia.
Apolipoprotein Brain Chronic Dementia Diagnostic Gene Genetics Head Injury Mental Health Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Stress
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