Rapid surge in highly contagious killer fungus poses new threat to amphibians across Africa
Ethics statement
The animal study was reviewed and approved by San Francisco State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee .VV and DB conceived and designed the study. DB, EG, MTK, and DP collected field samples. DB and SG collected museum samples. SG and AB performed laboratory work. DM performed histology. SG, TY, HS, AC-A, SC, KL, AM, EP, MSK, and HR compiled and organized data from the literature. SG, TY, AB, ER, VV, and HS contributed to the analysis of the data.
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Blinken travels to Africa as new report shows China, Russia eclipsing US arms sales to continentSecretary of State Antony Blinken will travel to Ethiopia and Niger as the Biden administration works to counter expanding ties and increased arms sales from China and Russia to Sub Sahara Africa.
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Frontiers | Pancosmorio (world limit) theory of the sustainability of human migration and settlement in spaceIt seems to be an accepted assumption that human migration into space is inevitable. Humans are a species of Earth. We are connected to Earth through evolution. We are also connected to space; our bodies contain heavy elements generated by fusion in the cores of stars. What does this evolutionary connection of humans to a star and a planet mean for their ability to inhabit space? This paper combines 100 years of research and scientific development of a theory of ecological thermodynamics with classical mechanics theory and analytical models of self-restoring heat engines to explain how the Sun and Earth have evolved into islands of order in the entropy of space. An explanation is provided regarding how naturally occurring conservative force fields engage a diversity of natural resources in semi-reversible cycles that build a high-exergy ecosphere. The science and evidence suggest that the ability to establish a human settlement in space without the self-restoring order, capacity, and organization of Earth will ultimately lead to settlement failure. Supply chains would disappear, market resources would be depleted, advancement in human pursuits would be disrupted, social and governance systems would falter or collapse, human population numbers would decline, genetic diversity in the human genome would be lost, average human individual biomass would decrease, and human knowledge and understanding would be forgotten. What does it mean to have a location in space outside of Earth be “like Earth?” The results of research are presented as a pancosmorio theory of human sustainability that is developed using the scientific philosophy methodology of abductive reasoning. Four analytical models of space ecosphere sustainability and five hypotheses with proposed tests for falsifiability are provided, including a theorem that suggests a limit to human expansion into space. A new quantitative method of human sustainability is developed from theories of network ecology, providing
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Frontiers | Evaluating historic and modern optical techniques for monitoring phytoplankton biomass in the Atlantic OceanTraditional measurements of the Secchi depth (zSD) and Forel-Ule colour were collected alongside modern radiometric measurements of ocean clarity and colour, and in-situ measurements of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), on four Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) cruises. The data were used to evaluate historic and modern optical techniques used for monitoring Chl-a, and to evaluate remote-sensing algorithms. Comparisons between historic and modern optical measurements were broadly consistent with current understanding, with Secchi depth inversely related to Forel-Ule colour and to beam and diffuse attenuation, positively related to the ratio of blue to green remote-sensing reflectance and euphotic depth. The relationship between Secchi depth and Forel-Ule on AMT was found to be in closer agreement to historical relationships when using data of the Forel-Ule colour of infinite depth, rather than the Forel-Ule colour of the water above the Secchi disk at half zSD. Over the range of 0.03-2.95 mg m-3, Chl-a was tightly correlated with these optical variables, with the ratio of blue to green remote-sensing reflectance explaining the highest amount of variance in Chl-a (89 %), followed by the Secchi depth (85 %) and Forel-Ule colour (71-81 %, depending on the scale used). Existing algorithms that predict Chl-a from these variables were evaluated, and found to perform well, albeit with some systematic differences. Remote sensing algorithms of Secchi depth were in good agreement with in-situ data over the range of values collected (8.5 - 51.8 m, r2 | 0.77, unbiased root mean square differences around 4.5 m), but with a slight positive bias (2.0 - 5.4 m). Remote sensing algorithms of Forel-Ule agreed well with Forel-Ule colour data of infinite water (r2 | 0.68, mean differences |1). We investigated the impact of environmental conditions and found wind speed to impact the estimation of zSD, and propose a path forward to include the effect of wind in current Secchi depth th
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Vice President Harris to visit Africa in latest US outreachVice President Kamala Harris will spend a week in Africa at the end of March as the United States deepens its outreach to the continent amid global competition, notably with China.
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Vice President Kamala Harris to visit Africa later this month | CNN PoliticsVice President Kamala Harris will travel to Africa later this month, her office announced Monday, becoming the most senior Biden administration official to visit the continent.
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Vice President Harris to visit Africa in latest U.S. outreachVice President Kamala Harris will spend a week in Africa at the end of March as the United States deepens its outreach to the continent amid global competition, notably with China.
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