Galileo Galilei used glass lenses to build the first telescope capable of studying the night sky. His approach has made a comeback with Dragonfly, a telescope in New Mexico built from two fly-eye arrays of 24 Canon telephoto lenses. ScienceMagArchives
Improving on a Dutch invention, Galileo Galilei in 1609 used glass lenses to build the first telescope capable of studying the night sky. But soon after Isaac Newton constructed the first reflecting telescope later that century, mirrors took over: Astronomy today is dominated by telescopes with giant mirrors up to 10 meters wide.
Large telescope mirrors excel at gathering photons from the distant universe and zooming in on particular objects with sharp resolution. But they tend to have small fields of view, and scattered starlight from internal reflections can swamp the faint signals from extended structures like diffuse nebulae.
So far, Dragonfly's main claim to fame has been the discovery of numerous ultra-diffuse galaxies , some of them as large as the Milky Way, but with hardly any stars. In 2016, the team discovered one that is spinning far faster than it should, given how few stars there are to hold the galaxy together by gravity. That suggested that fully 98% of its mass must be in the form of dark matter, the mysterious stuff that, on average, constitutes some 85% of all gravitating mass in the universe.
The new lenses to be added in the next 18 months should allow the Dragonfly team to go after a new target: faint clouds of gas surrounding galaxies. These clouds are the dense ends of gaseous filaments that connect far-flung galaxies in a cosmic web, which is thought to have coalesced around regions rich in dark matter.
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