Study: Post-bariatricsurgery exercise modulates brainregions associated with regulation of food intake
The authors acknowledge the support by Sao Paulo Research Foundation , the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development . The study is also partially supported by NIGMS U54GM104940, and NIGMS P20GM103528 from NIH, USA.
Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USALaboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuroradiology , Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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International aircraft soar above Lincolnshire in RAF training exerciseAircraft from around the world have joined training exercises at RAF Waddington
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Low-flying jets heard over Shropshire taking part in international air exerciseLow-flying jets heard over Shropshire were part of an international air exercise run by the RAF.
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Bayesian network modelling to identify on-ramps to childhood obesity - BMC MedicineBackground When tackling complex public health challenges such as childhood obesity, interventions focused on immediate causes, such as poor diet and physical inactivity, have had limited success, largely because upstream root causes remain unresolved. A priority is to develop new modelling frameworks to infer the causal structure of complex chronic disease networks, allowing disease “on-ramps” to be identified and targeted. Methods The system surrounding childhood obesity was modelled as a Bayesian network, using data from The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The existence and directions of the dependencies between factors represent possible causal pathways for childhood obesity and were encoded in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The posterior distribution of the DAGs was estimated using the Partition Markov chain Monte Carlo. Results We have implemented structure learning for each dataset at a single time point. For each wave and cohort, socio-economic status was central to the DAGs, implying that socio-economic status drives the system regarding childhood obesity. Furthermore, the causal pathway socio-economic status and/or parental high school levels → parental body mass index (BMI) → child’s BMI existed in over 99.99% of posterior DAG samples across all waves and cohorts. For children under the age of 8 years, the most influential proximate causal factors explaining child BMI were birth weight and parents’ BMI. After age 8 years, free time activity became an important driver of obesity, while the upstream factors influencing free time activity for boys compared with girls were different. Conclusions Childhood obesity is largely a function of socio-economic status, which is manifest through numerous downstream factors. Parental high school levels entangle with socio-economic status, and hence, are on-ramp to childhood obesity. The strong and independent causal relationship between birth weight and childhood BMI suggests a biological link. Our study imp
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What is the effect of maternal obesity on the brain development of offspring?Recently, scientists reviewed the mechanisms associated with the maternal microbiome, breast milk composition, maternal and placental metabolites, altered maternal care, and inflammation, which influences the brain development of the offspring.
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Childhood and adolescent obesity: time to actIn a recent review published in the journal Frontiers in Pediatrics, researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin presented an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms, health implications, and management options for obesity among children and adults.
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Understanding school food systems to support the development and implementation of food based policies and interventions - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical ActivityBackground Schools provide opportunities to improve the quality of children's diet, whilst reducing inequalities in childhood diet and health. Evidence supports whole school approaches, including consistency in food quality, eating culture and food education. However, such approaches are often poorly implemented due to the highly complex environments in which schools operate. We aimed to develop a school food systems map using a systems thinking approach to help identify the key factors influencing primary school children’s dietary choice. Methods Eight workshops were conducted with 80 children (from schools from varying locations (region of England/UK; urban/rural), deprivation levels and prioritisation of school food policies)) and 11 workshops were held with 82 adult stakeholders across the UK (principals, teachers, caterers, school governors, parents, and local and voluntary sector organisations) to identify factors that influence food choice in children across a school day and their inter-relationships. Initial exploratory workshops started with a ‘blank canvas’ using a group model building approach. Later workshops consolidated findings and supported a wider discussion of factors, relationships and influences within the systems map. Strengths of the relationship between factors/nodes were agreed by stakeholders and individually depicted on the map. We facilitated an additional eight interactive, in-person workshops with children to map their activities across a whole school day to enable the production of a journey map which was shared with stakeholders in workshops to facilitate discussion. Results The final ‘CONNECTS-Food’ systems map included 202 factors that were grouped into 27 nodes. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: leadership and curriculum; child food preference; home environment; and school food environment. Network analysis highlighted key factors that influence child diet across a school day, which were largely in keeping with the thema
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