The researchers believe this layer may cover the entire planet.
The discovery was made by analyzing the lingering movement that GPS sensors on islands in the Pacific Ocean near Fiji detected after a strong
Sunyoung Park, a geophysicist with the University of Chicago and the study's lead author, demonstrates that there might be a unique way to measure the mantle's properties. That is, studying the aftermath of intense earthquakes. When the scientists carefully analyzed the data from GPS sensors on several nearby islands, they found the Earth continued to move even after the earthquake had passed. Even years later, Tonga is still moving slowly, at a rate of roughly 1 centimeter each year.
While the phenomenon had previously been noted for shallow earthquakes, scientists believed the effect would be too tiny to be noticed for deep earthquakes. Therefore, Park's observation is the first to solidly detect the deformation following deep earthquakes.Crucially, this observation was used by Park and her associates to determine the mantle's viscosity., about 50 miles thick, at the bottom of the upper mantle layer that is less viscous than the rest of the mantle.
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