On social media, people are saying Helen Keller was a fraud. Experts said the conspiracy theory shows how little many know about deaf-blindness.
Deaf-blindness broadly falls into two categories – congenital and acquired, says Jesper Dammeyer, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark who researches sensory loss, language, and thinking skills. Keller, for instance, famously lost her sight and hearing after an infection when she was not quite 2 years old. Other people are born with limited or no sight or hearing, meaning the condition is congenital.
But a language does not have to be spoken to have an important impact. Much of the research on the connection between thinking skills and language comes from children who are congenitally deaf, Dammeyer notes. Young deaf children who engage with people with either sign or spoken language – via a hearing aid or cochlear implant – will likely develop typically, he says.
Language development is fairly similar for everyone, Bruce says. In the beginning, babies are all reflexes, reacting to the world around them. But fairly quickly, they start tugging on a parent’s clothing or batting at something on the side of their crib – actions with the intent of impacting an object. This behavior is a step toward intentional communication.
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