Racism is a stressor that has been linked to poor health, inflammation, and premature biological aging, but there is likely more going on biologically than researchers have previously understood.
, or prolonged, immune responses. Both responses are evolutionarily designed to defend against and prevent the spread of pathogens. The immune system is complex, and it requires sophisticated coordination among a range of cells and molecules within the body.. These proteins are secreted by cells for the purpose of signaling and communication between cells. Different cytokines have different duties and activity, and they can elicit a variety of responses once they bind to a receptor.
Abnormalities in the adaptive immune response may cause the immune system to attack its own cells and tissue by causing cytokines to go awry. This is called a"Inflammation associated with a cytokine storm begins at a local site – for example, within the lung – and spreads throughout the body. The over-response of a cytokine storm damages tissue. And while healing of the target site may occur, persistent organ dysfunction can occur as a result of cytokine storms.
Doctors do not yet totally understand the precise mechanisms driving cytokine storms. What they do know is that stress can cause a chronic immune response in addition to an increase in cytokines. We all experience stress, and, for the most part, stress exposure allows a person to build character and resiliency. However, stress that is chronic, uncontrollable and unpredictable can wreak havoc on the mind and body.
And worse, racism and discrimination are unique stressors because they pose a clear social threat to survival. Unlike many other forms of stress, such as losing one's job, divorce or even being diagnosed with an illness, you cannot problem-solve or prevent it from happening. This is best illustrated by the unconscionable deaths of
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