China has long been associated with its coercive one-child policy. The country’s leaders wanted to ensure that economic growth outran demographic growth, but now, their population is shrinking. Here’s how some governments have grappled with the trend.
, for married couples, as Chinese leaders became alarmed about growth trends and scrambled to respond.for the first time in 60 years — officially declining by 850,000 people to a new total of 1.4118 billion. The last time China faced population decline was in 1961, three years into a devastating famine in the Mao era. The decline was driven by a shrinking birthrate, which according to official records, dropped to its lowest level on record last year.China, however, is not alone.
The problem, experts say, is that just because people can legally have another child now does not mean they will. A host of calculations goes into the decision to procreate, including affordability. There have not, for example, been major overhauls of child-care and paternity-leave policies to make additional children more feasible.Birthrates in much of Latin America are declining — but Cuba stands out.
But in a possible harbinger of changes to come, the country has been reducing its openness to new migrants. Germany’s population reached a record 83.2 million in 2019, though the rate of growth was the lowest since 2012. The population of people 15 to 24 years old is also steadily declining and reached a new low in 2021, according to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Destatis.
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