Since Chile eased its covid-related curfew in October, hundreds have gone out on the streets to rail against the government
per person almost tripled between 1990 and 2015; it is now the highest in Latin America. The number of university students quintupled over the same period. Income inequality fell and is now below the regional average . Yet ever since huge protests took place in October 2019, in which at least 30 people died and metro stations and churches were razed, violence has become far more common. In the past few weeks three people have died during the protests and hundreds have been arrested.
Another problem is that many of the underlying issues which brought people out onto the streets two years ago have not gone away. In the early 2000s, during a commodities boom, a new middle class emerged but inequality remained severe.
The Pinochet-era constitution, adopted in 1980, was designed to give a disproportionate role to the right, argues Claudia Heiss of the University of Chile. Seats were reserved for the army in the Senate , while unusually high thresholds were put in place to change laws that would give the state a bigger role in the provision of certain services, such as education. Despite the fact that centre-left presidents have mostly been in power, they had to negotiate extensively with the opposition.
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