Can they "see" into their own minds?
on the possibility that non-human agents, such as animals and artificial intelligences, could introspect.
Introspection may be a much-discussed philosophical subject, but the ordinary understanding of the term as a kind of reflection of one's own mental state closely captures how philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive scientists understand the subject.Unfortunately, the great majority of research into this subject has restricted itself to humans.
Firstly, we described a number of experimental paradigms which we could use to make animals engage in"self-report". While many think that this is impossible, we argued that there are at least quasi-self-report-like paradigms such as indirect reporting, as well as symbolic/non-symbolic reporting, in order to get at the mental states of other animals.
Finally, we argue that a similar adaptationist perspective will help us to think about what kinds of introspection to build intosystems to improve their abilities. Studying introspection in animals will help us to understand what forms introspection may take in systems very dissimilar to ourselves. Indeed, we may create new forms of introspection that humans aren't capable of.
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