Cabbage white butterflies utilize two gut enzymes for maximum flexibility in deactivating mustard oil bombs PNASNews
"We wondered whether both enzymes are important for the detoxification of glucosinolates and insect fitness. After all, previous studies have shown that related butterfly species that no longer feed on plants containing glucosinolates have lost the enzymes during evolution. This indicates that it is apparently costly for insects to maintain enzyme activity in the absence of these plant defenses.
Caterpillars lacking only one of the two enzymes were still able to survive on plants with high concentrations of the defense substances, even though their growth was restricted. However, caterpillars in which both genes had been knocked out were no longer able to grow and survive on their natural host plants.
Yu Okamura with mating cabbage white butterflies . The larvae of butterfly lines that no longer had either of the two detoxification enzymes after CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing were unable to properly defuse the host plant mustard oil bomb. Their growth and survival was severely impaired. Credit: Yawako Kawaguchi
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