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The United States was pivotal in Colombia's fight against insurgent armies in the early 2000s. The $12 billion aid was intended to curtail drug production, but it also bolstered Colombia's institutions.opinion series, this editorial explores how U.S. cooperation with Colombia in the 2000s indirectly helped to build institutions and could become a framework for future policy.
Despite Colombia’s problems, the history of U.S. engagement there can provide a roadmap for how to effectively engage in Latin America to bring about positive change that strengthens democracy and improves lives.There is probably no figure more polarizing in Colombian politics than Uribe. Depending on whom you ask, you will get a very different answer.
Plan Colombia was originally conceived by Uribe’s predecessor, Andrés Pastrana, as a sort of Marshall Plan. Pastrana wanted a peace agreement with the FARC rebels, who, despite some concessions, boycotted negotiations and doomed his presidency from the start. This paved the way for Uribe, whose “firm hand” approach won him a landslide victory in the 2002 elections.
“He was like an angry dad. … We were so desperate that we did not know what else this person was putting forward ,” said Gallego.Uribe faced accusations that he spied on judges, tampered with witnesses, bribed politicians and that he had ties to far-right paramilitary groups. None really stuck. He remains highly popular and influential.
In Venezuela, Chávez pushed as many referendums as he had to until he got the answer he wanted: reelection. Bolivia’s Evo Morales, who ruled from 2006 to 2019, was even more shameless. After a referendum rejected his proposal for a new term, he turned to his hand-picked Constitutional Court, which allowed him to run for reelection by ruling that getting re-elected was a “human right.”
Although Plan Colombia’s main goal was to reduce drug production, it also devoted resources to building stronger democratic institutions in that country. The U.S. should revisit that framework for application more broadly across the region. No two nations are the same, but cooperation with clear objectives and timeframes should be part of any bilateral agreement with the U.S.between 2000 and 2012, and the overall security climate improved.
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