Binding together quarks into protons, neutrons and atomic nuclei is a force so strong, it's in the name. The strong force, which is carried by gluon particles, is the strongest of all fundamental forces of nature—the others being electromagnetism, the weak force and gravity. Yet, it's the least precisely measured of these four forces.
The strength of the strong force is described by a fundamental parameter in the Standard Model of particle physics called the strong coupling constant. While knowledge of the strong coupling constant has improved with measurements and theoretical developments made over the years, the uncertainty on its value remains orders of magnitude larger than that of the coupling constants for the other fundamental forces.
This radiation gives the Z boson a"kick" transverse to the collision axis . The magnitude of this kick depends on the strong coupling constant. A precise measurement of the distribution of Z-boson transverse momenta and a comparison with equally precise theoretical calculations of this distribution allows the strong coupling constant to be determined.
The new ATLAS value of the strong coupling constant compared with other measurements. Credit: ATLAS/CERN
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