Converting sunlight into liquid fuel could be possible with bionic leaves that combine the best bits of chemistry and biology. The latest prototypes for this artificial photosynthesis look surprisingly effective.
Our insatiable appetite for energy has got us into a mess, with the burning of fossil fuels releasing greenhouse gases that are heating the atmosphere. It is enough to make you envious of plants, which produce their own energy – through. If we could learn to mimic this trick on a grand scale, it would enable us to effectively liquefy sunlight to create a clean, green fuel.
Unfortunately, photosynthesis is a tough chemical reaction to copy. It involves many processes, including capturing sunlight, splitting apart water molecules to yield protons, and joining these protons with carbon atoms from COto ultimately produce fuel in the form of sugars. In nature, these jobs are performed by proteins that have had hundreds of millions of years to evolve – and they still only manage to turn energy from sunlight into fuel with an efficiency of 1 per cent at best..
Then people started to realise that instead of recreating photosynthesis from scratch, we could combine the best bits of
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