Are current COVID-19 vaccines in England effective against severe BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineage infections? medrxivpreprint LSHTM imperialcollege COVID19 coronavirus covid Omicron infection vaccine
By Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Sep 5 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* server, researchers investigated the vaccine efficacy of various coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines against the BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 sub-lineages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant.
About the study In the present study, researchers in the UK estimated the effectiveness of the vaccines currently being administered in preventing hospitalization following BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineage infections compared to BA.2 infections, with all three sub-lineages co-circulating. The team carried out a test-negative case-control study to estimate the VE against hospitalization in individuals 18 or older infected with BA.2, BA.4, or BA.5 sub-lineages. The VE was defined as the odds of vaccination in cases divided by the odds of vaccination in controls, subtracted from one. They also compared the incremental VE of individuals with a third or fourth dose with those who had their second dose 25 weeks ago and had waned immunity.
Results The researchers found no evidence of reduced effectiveness of the vaccines against hospitalization for the sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5 as compared to BA.2. The incremental VE in individuals with third or fourth doses of vaccination was 56.8%, 59.9%, and 52.4% for BA.4, BA.5 and BA.2 respectively, which waned to 1.5%, 23.3%, and 9.8%, respectively, at 25 weeks or more since the second dose.
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