As wooly mammoths grazed frigid Siberian steppes for more than half a million years, they evolved increasingly fluffy fur, large fat deposits, and smaller ears, according to a new study.
Wooly mammoths thrived in the chilly conditions of their time, proliferating not just in Asia but also
Most of those mammoths were also fairly modern, at least by mammoth standards, coming from individuals that lived within the past 100,000 years or so. One specimen, however, came from the roughly 700,000-year-old Chukochya, one of the oldest known specimens of its kind. "This allows us to study evolution in real time, and we can say these specific mutations are unique to wooly mammoths, and they didn't exist in its ancestors," heIncorporating so many mammoth genomes into one study makes a big difference, the researchers say. While earlier studies have examined genomes from one or two individual mammoths, this is the first analysis with such a large sample size of mammoth genomes.
"We found that some of the genes that were previously thought to be special for wooly mammoths are actually variable between mammoths, which means they probably weren't as important," Díez-del-MolinoThe Chukochya genome shares 91.7 percent of the mutations responsible for protein-coding changes seen in more recent wooly mammoths, the study found. That suggests early wooly mammoths already had some distinctive traits when they diverged from steppe mammoths.
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