In the Brazilian Amazon, Indigenous people and researchers join hands to monitor the impacts of a controversial dam. LongReads pulitzercenter
In 2019, Josiel and a team of researchers from UFPA installed flood gauges on Zé Maria, a forested island 4 kilometers from Muratu village. Every November before the dam was built, the rain-swollen Xingu would slowly advance over the island’s sandy beaches, reaching the top of its trees in April. The island remained submerged in up to 30 meters of water for the next 6 months, bringing an abundance of fish to feed and spawn.
The resulting decline of the Big Bend fisheries has hit the Juruna hard. “Before [the dam], we could fill three coolers of 160 liters with fish in a week,” remembers Maria das Graças, a Juruna fisherwoman and Viana’s wife. She and her husband raised their three children on fish from the Xingu. What the family didn’t consume, they used to sell. “Now, we go out fishing for 10 days and can barely fill two coolers.
Winemiller thinks some species may face extinction. The catfish acari-zebra , a match-size fish with black and white stripes only found within the Xingu’s Big Bend, is one of his biggest worries. Illegal fishing for the aquarium trade had already depleted it, and in 2022 the International Union for Conservation of Nature declared it critically endangered because of the dam. are already having an impact.
The Jericoá waterfalls in the Big Bend of the Xingu River are considered sacred to the Juruna people.For the Juruna, no money or mitigation project can substitute for the altered pulse of the river and their own lives. “Belo Monte took our river, and it was like draining our blood out,” says Giliarde Juruna, Muratu’s chief. “Today, we are adapting to this new reality of drought. But we don’t know how our future will be without the river.
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