Christopher Columbus was blamed for bringing syphilis to Europe. New DNA evidence suggests it was already there. Maybe both stories are true.
Using an unblemished femur from the same burial site as a control, his lab extracted degraded DNA present in the bone, sequenced it, and identified strings of nucleotides that resembled portions of reference genomes for. The group verified the sequences’ identities by generating a kind of family tree that linked the found sequences to known ones. They also looked for the shadow of the victim’s reaction to the pathogen.
Or did Columbus, in a twist on the established story, in fact carry something home—not an entirely new disease, but a variant of an existing one, more lethal and more reproductively fit? Today, it’s understood that syphilis infection does not create durable immunity; someone who has been infected once can become infected again. Even if Europeans had been exposed to an earlier strain of the disease, that might not have protected them against a fresh, virulent version.
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