Scientists long believed that mantle plumes were towers of massive superheated rock rising from the center of the planet itself. New research suggests they may look more like massive trees instead. (From 2021)
, a geophysicist at Imperial College London. This suggests they play a role in most plumes’ origin stories.But seismology is not omniscient. Seismic waves can detect structures within the mantle, but they cannot reveal every characteristic of those structures. “You can slow down a seismic wave by heating a material up,” said, a geophysicist at the University of California, Berkeley. But a change in the rock’s mineral makeup can achieve the same effect.
Ideally, scientists want to produce a plume image that stretches from its base to the planet’s surface. That would require a cornucopia of seismometers spread over a vast area, forming a huge aperture that could eat up as many seismic waves as possible and thereby see a sizable segment of the mantle—a seismic equivalent of a giant telescope.
Tsekhmistrenko, Sigloch, and company agree: Plumes rise straight up. The tree structure, then, is evidence for a more complex process going on in the mantle. Combining the data from the giant array with additional seismic data sets proved instrumental, as it allowed the team to precisely resolve an entire swath of the mantle, from its greatest depths to its highest reaches. “In terms of the seismology, it is a step forward,” said, a geophysicist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “In that sense, I think it’s great.”
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