USS Jeannette explored the Arctic until sinking in 1881 after hitting impenetrable sea ice. Survivors returned with valuable sea ice records.
In the late 19th century, explorations of the Arctic captivated Western society. At the time, the North Pole was unknown territory and many nations wanted to be the first to reach the region to confirm what it was like–was it frozen land or open ocean? The USS Jeannette set out to explore this uncharted territory on July 8, 1879 from San Francisco with a crew of 32 men led by Captain George Washington De Long.
The crew made their way through Alaska back to the contiguous U.S., enduring freezing temperatures, harsh winds, and risk of deadly encounters with polar bears all while starving due to dwindling supplies. The majority of them perished in the brutal conditions.The expedition did not accomplish its goal of returning home safely with the Jeanette, but the scientific information they gathered was preserved.
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