Regions in the U.S. that experienced the largest decrease in opioid prescriptions were found to have the most significant decrease in suicide deaths. The impact of policies aimed at lowering opioid prescriptions has sparked debate due to fears that a sudden drop in these medications could lead to
Opioids are a class of powerful pain-relieving drugs that are often prescribed to manage severe or chronic pain. They work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and nervous system to reduce the perception of pain. However, they can also produce feelings of euphoria and sedation, making them highly addictive. Unfortunately, misuse of opioids has led to a widespread epidemic of opioid addiction and overdose deaths in the United States and other countries.
The findings were consistent for both the frequency of opioid prescriptions, the frequency of high-dose and long-term prescriptions, and having multiple healthcare providers prescribe opioids. Until this study, it was unclear if certain patterns of opioid prescribing correlated with an increased risk of suicide.
Analyses were based on data from the 2009–2017 U.S. national IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database and National Center for Health Statistics mortality data. Information was based on opioid prescriptions, with high-dose prescriptions , with long-term prescriptions , and with prescriptions from three or more prescribers. For geographic aggregation, the researchers used states and commuting zones as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
“If opioid prescribing per capita had held constant from 2009 to 2017, there would have been an estimated 10.5 percent more suicide deaths involving opioids in 2017,” noted Olfson. The corresponding estimated percentage increases in opioid-related suicide deaths were 15 percent, 9 percent, 9 percent, and 19 percent, respectively, for at least one opioid prescription, high-dose prescriptions, long-term prescriptions, and three or more opioid prescribers.
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