Researchers are scrambling to make sense of the warmth during 'what should be the cold season in Antarctica.”
The comparably balmy temperatures, which reached around 10 degrees Fahrenheit, arrived courtesy of a history-making atmospheric river — a plume of concentrated moisture that flows through the sky. This one brought an incredible dump of snow in the inner reaches of the ice sheet, something quite rare for the area.
“It was something we didn’t think was possible in Antarctica, the magnitude of heat, especially in what should be the cold season in Antarctica,” said Jonathan Wille, a postdoctoral researcher at the Université Grenoble Alpes in France, of the heat wave. “We’ve never seen the atmosphere behave like this over Antarctica.”
A day later, temperatures at the Concordia station, a research station nearly 700 miles from the coast, spiked to a high of about 10 degrees Fahrenheit, stunning researchers. But in other polar regions, such as Greenland, ice shelves are melting from below — and also above — as surface temperatures rise, Neff said. Surface melt can create ponds of dense water that can more easily absorb heat, open crevasses and “jackhammer” downward until ice cleaves and collapses.For sensitive parts of Antarctica, adding mass and a protective layer of hardening snow provides some cushion.
Take the Thwaites Glacier, in West Antarctica. The Thwaites is losing ice at one of the fastest rates in the region and contributes to a few percentage points of global sea level rise each year, Maclennan said. That trend is driven by warm ocean water melting the bottom of the floating ice shelf, not surface melt. If the glacier were to collapse, it could precede as much as 10 feet of sea level rise over decades or centuries, according to Neff.
Said Maclennan: “It’s hard to judge what the impacts might be, but this event does really challenge us to change our understanding of what the range of extremes has been.” The fingerprint of climate change hasn’t emerged clearly in this region as it has elsewhere in the world.“This does fit into a broader pattern we’re seeing of these extreme weather events that break our notion of what we think could happen in our climate system,” Wille said, comparing the event’s surprising nature to the 2021 flooding in Germany and the heat dome in the Pacific Northwest that shattered temperature records.
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